3-phase stepper motor - 13.5 Nm - shaft Ø19mm - L=180mm - w/o brake - term box

3-PHASE STEPPER MOTOR - 13.5 N

SQDBRS3ACW850ABB BRS3ACW850ABB 3389119224161
1358.08 / EA
http://schema.org/OutOfStock
  • Country of Origin: Germany
  • Shaft Diameter: 19 mm
  • Shaft End: Parallel Key
  • Shaft Length: 40 mm
  • Warranty Length: 18 mth
QTY
  • Features
  • Specifications
  • Supply Voltage Description
    • single phase 230 V AC
    • single phase 115 V AC
  • Resolution
    • 1.8 °, 0.9 °, 0.72 °, 0.36 °, 0.18 °, 0.09 °, 0.072 °, 0.036 ° step angle
    • 200, 400, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 5000, 10000 steps number of full steps per revolution
  • Supply Voltage Limits
    • 230-230 V AC
    • 325-325 V DC
  • IP Degree Of Protection
    • IP41 shaft bushing: conforming to IEC 60034-5
    • IP56 total except shaft bushing: conforming to IEC 60034-5
  • Prop 65
    • WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including: Lead and lead compounds, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
  • Carbon Footprint Of The Installation Phase A5
    • 0
    • 0 kg CO2 eq.
  • Carbon Footprint Of The End Of Life Phase C1 To C4
    • 0.8 kg CO2 eq.
    • 0.8027197271
  • Carbon Footprint Of The Manufacturing Phase A1 To A3
    • 31 kg CO2 eq.
    • 30.7586128482
  • Vibration Resistance
    • 20 m/s² maximum
    • A IEC 60034-14
  • Maximum Radial Force FR
    • 150 N second shaft end)
    • 300 N first shaft end)
  • Maximum Axial Force FA
    • 330 N tensile force)
    • 60 N force pressure)
  • Carbon Footprint Of The Use Phase B2 B3 B4 B6
    • 3 429 kg CO2 eq.
    • 3429.1800986301
  • Relative Humidity
    • 15-85 % without condensation
  • Service Life In Hours
    • 20000 h bearing)
  • Carbon Footprint Of The Distribution Phase A4
    • 1.0837862422
    • 1 kg CO2 eq.
  • Operating Altitude
    • <= 3280.84 ft (1000 m) without power derating
  • Temperature Class
    • F winding IEC 60034-1
  • Resistance
    • 1.8 Ohm winding)
  • Physical Attributes
    • Motor Flange Size : 110 mm
    • Shaft Length : 40 mm
  • Complementary Attributes
    • Maximum Mechanical Speed : 3000 rpm
    • Maximum Starting Frequency : 4.7 kHz
  • Important Information Attributes
    • Local Data Status : Publishable
    • Local Publishable Date : 2025-07-09
    • Device Type : Motion - drive & motor
    • Serviceability : Yes
    • Traceability : Yes
    • Field Service Division : IDIBS
    • Average Life Duration : 15 year(s)
    • Manufacturing Carbon Footprint : 30.7586128482
    • Distribution Carbon Footprint : 1.0837862422
    • Installation Carbon Footprint : 0
    • Use Carbon Footprint : 3429.1800986301
    • End Of Life Carbon Footprint : 0.8027197271
    • Legacy WEEE Scope : In
    • WEEE Product Category : 5
    • Scope Perimeter : At least in Europe
    • EOLI Availability Display : No need of specific recycling operations
    • Reach Full Compliance Status : Reference contains Substances of Very High Concern above the threshold
    • Reach Full Compliance Status Id : CONTAINS_SVHC
    • Reach Compliance Directive : Reference contains Substances of Very High Concern above the threshold
    • ROHS EUR In Scope : No
    • ROHS EUR Status : Compliant with Exemptions
    • ROHS EUR Conformity Date : 1901
    • ROHS EUR Full Compliance Status : Pro-active compliance (Product out of EU RoHS legal scope)
    • ROHS EUR Full Compliance Status Id : PRO_ACTIVE_COMPLIANCE
    • China ROHS In Scope : Yes
    • China ROHS Label : 5
    • With Recycled Cardboard : Yes
    • Without Single Use Plastic : No
    • Product Contributes To Saved And Avoided Emissions : No
    • Return Indicator : N
    • WD Status : 5 - INITIALIZED WITH DataSCAN OK (Migration)
    • Centring Collar Diameter : 56 mm
    • Circle Diameter Of The Mounting Holes : 125.86 mm
    • Coefficient 1 0 : 434.7419 N.m
    • Coefficient 1 1 : -366.3853 N.m/rpm
    • Coefficient 1 2 : 105.1142 N.m/rpm²
    • Coefficient 1 3 : -10.2431 N.m/rpm3
    • Coefficient 2 0 : 434.7419 N.m
    • Coefficient 2 1 : -366.3853 N.m/rpm
    • Coefficient 2 2 : 105.1142 N.m/rpm²
    • Coefficient 2 3 : -10.2431 N.m/rpm3
    • Coefficient M0 : 0.00177 N.m/rpm
    • Coefficient M0 Max : 0.00177 N.m/rpm
    • Curve Type : semilog
    • Device Short Name : BRS3
    • Holding Brake : without
    • Mounting Holes Diameter : 9 mm
    • Number Of Motor Poles : 6
    • Package Weight Lbs : 8.4 kg
    • Peak Stall Torque : 11.42 N.m
    • Product Availability : Non-Stock - Not normally stocked in distribution facility
    • Product Or Component Type : motion control motor
    • Returnability : No
    • Rotor Inertia : 10.5 kg.cm²
    • Second Shaft : with second shaft end
    • Shaft Diameter : 19 mm
    • Shaft End : parallel key
    • Sizing Reference : BRS3AC
    • Sustainable Packaging : No
    • Total Lifecycle Carbon Footprint : 3 462 kg CO2 eq.
    • Voltage 1 : 115 V
    • Voltage 1 Speed 1 : 481.743103086105 rpm
    • Voltage 1 Speed 1 Max : 481.743103086105 rpm
    • Voltage 2 : 230 V
    • Voltage 2 Speed 2 : 481.743103086105 rpm
    • Voltage 2 Speed 2 Max : 481.743103086105 rpm
    • Weee Label : The product must be disposed on European Union markets following specific waste collection and never end up in rubbish bins.
    • Carbon Footprint Kg Co2 Eq Total Life Cycle : 3461.8252174476
    • Relationship Type : Compatible relationship
    • Pep Code : ENVPEP111101EN
    • Pep Verification Date : 2020-07-01
    • PCR Version : PCR-ed3-EN-2015 04 02
    • Type Of Verification For The Pep : Independent internal review
    • Product Weight In G : 8400
    • Functional Unit Description : Coordinate and synchronize motion control up to 80W during 10 years and a 70% use rate.
    • Functional Unit Quantity : 1
    • Functional Unit Unit : unit
    • Reference Lifetime In Y : 10
    • Energy Consumption On Product Lifetime In Kwh : 6998.8896
    • Nbr Of Units In Pkg : 1
    • Warranty In Months : 18
    • Energy Model Manufacturing A1 A3 : Energy model used: Germany
    • Energy Model Installation A5 : Electricity mix; AC; < 1kV; EU-27
    • Energy Model Use B6 : Electricity mix; AC; < 1kV; EU-27
    • Energy Model End Of Life C1 C4 : Electricity mix; AC; < 1kV; EU-27
    • Components For Re Use Kg Total Life Cycle : 0
    • Components For Re Use Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0
    • Components For Re Use Kg Distribution A4 : 0
    • Components For Re Use Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Components For Re Use Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Components For Re Use Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb Total Life Cycle : 0.0013779438
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0010799181
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb Distribution A4 : 0.0000000434
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb Installation A5 : 0
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb Operational Energy Use B6 : 0.0002979574
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Elements Kg Equivalent Sb End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0000000249
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj Total Life Cycle : 39236.0594180691
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 287.481523593
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj Distribution A4 : 15.2263331438
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 38923.5800547945
    • Depletion Of Abiotic Resources Fossil Fuels Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 9.7715065378
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector Total Life Cycle : 0.0004538579
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0004538579
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector Distribution A4 : 0
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector Installation A5 : 0
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Exported Energy Mj By Energy Vector End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Total Life Cycle : 92.9826975191
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 81.9927231381
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Distribution A4 : 0
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 1.7877003616
    • Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 9.2022740193
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg Total Life Cycle : 0.006849892
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg Distribution A4 : 0
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Materials For Energy Recovery Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.006849892
    • Materials For Recycling Kg Total Life Cycle : 8.4456213758
    • Materials For Recycling Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.8192427516
    • Materials For Recycling Kg Distribution A4 : 0
    • Materials For Recycling Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Materials For Recycling Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Materials For Recycling Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 7.6263786242
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 Total Life Cycle : 12433.8330246758
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.482112564
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 Distribution A4 : 0.000096994
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 Installation A5 : 0
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 Operational Energy Use B6 : 12433.3498520548
    • Net Use Of Fresh Water M3 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0009630631
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Total Life Cycle : 12810.8329018854
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 25.6457077885
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Distribution A4 : 0.0385075611
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 12785.1111452055
    • Non Hazardous Waste Disposed Of Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0375413303
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 Total Life Cycle : 0.0002260971
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0000026639
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 Distribution A4 : 0.0000000022
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 Installation A5 : 0
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 Operational Energy Use B6 : 0.0002233805
    • Ozone Depletion Kg Equivalent Cfc 11 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0000000505
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg Total Life Cycle : 8.5520121597
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0133430586
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg Distribution A4 : 0.0000274254
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 8.5385840219
    • Radioactive Waste Disposed Of Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0000576539
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 60359.2030617645
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 554.2057987493
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 15.3035361001
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 59777.5305205479
    • Total Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 12.1632063673
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj Total Life Cycle : 69106.3473089162
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 593.7464468448
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj Distribution A4 : 15.3239113132
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 68485.1000547945
    • Total Use Of Primary Energy During The Life Cycle Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 12.1768959636
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 8748.2403157021
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 39.542239909
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 0.0204213758
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 8708.664
    • Total Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Primary Energy And Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0136544173
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 10.4827288232
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 10.4827288232
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 60348.7130105991
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 543.7157475839
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 15.3035361001
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 59777.5305205479
    • Use Of Non Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Non Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 12.1632063673
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Total Life Cycle : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Distribution A4 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Use Of Non Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 30.1712336555
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 30.1712336555
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Total Life Cycle : 8718.0694004093
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 9.3713246163
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Distribution A4 : 0.0204213758
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 8708.664
    • Use Of Renewable Primary Energy Excluding Renewable Primary Energy Resources Used As Raw Materials Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0136544173
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Total Life Cycle : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Distribution A4 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Use Of Renewable Secondary Fuels Mj End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg Total Life Cycle : 2.6699488346
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg Manufacturing A1 A3 : 2.6699488346
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg Distribution A4 : 0
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg Installation A5 : 0
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg Operational Energy Use B6 : 0
    • Use Of Secondary Materials Kg End Of Life C1 C4 : 0
    • Air Pollution M3 Total Life Cycle : 154245.0452628907
    • Air Pollution M3 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 6526.4354747015
    • Air Pollution M3 Distribution A4 : 46.1036952814
    • Air Pollution M3 Installation A5 : 0
    • Air Pollution M3 Operational Energy Use B6 : 147586.5179178082
    • Air Pollution M3 End Of Life C1 C4 : 85.9881750995
    • Water Pollution M3 Total Life Cycle : 143421.3620859922
    • Water Pollution M3 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 1653.8942581012
    • Water Pollution M3 Distribution A4 : 178.2194428653
    • Water Pollution M3 Installation A5 : 0
    • Water Pollution M3 Operational Energy Use B6 : 141496.9104657534
    • Water Pollution M3 End Of Life C1 C4 : 92.3379192723
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 Total Life Cycle : 14.3989962629
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 Total Life Cycle : 0.7958412534
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 Total Life Cycle : 0.87726767
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0880575327
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 Distribution A4 : 0.0049484707
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 Installation A5 : 0
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 Operational Energy Use B6 : 14.3035729315
    • Acidification Of Soil And Water Kg Equivalent So2 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.002417328
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 Total Life Cycle : 3461.8252174476
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 30.7586128482
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 Distribution A4 : 1.0837862422
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 Installation A5 : 0
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 Operational Energy Use B6 : 3429.1800986301
    • Global Warming Kg Equivalent Co2 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.8027197271
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0092691302
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 Distribution A4 : 0.0003531279
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 Installation A5 : 0
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 Operational Energy Use B6 : 0.7859577468
    • Photochemical Ozone Formation Kg Equivalent C2h4 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0002612484
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 Manufacturing A1 A3 : 0.0119344628
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 Distribution A4 : 0.0011397544
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 Installation A5 : 0
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 Operational Energy Use B6 : 0.8636210367
    • Water Eutrophication Kg Equivalent P04 3 End Of Life C1 C4 : 0.0005724161
  • General Attributes
    • Product Or Component Type : motion control motor
  • Environment Attributes
    • ROHS Exemption Information : Yes
    • China ROHS url : https://checkaproduct.se.com/DistantRequestDispatcher.aspx?action=exportPdfRoHSChina&pid=787054&lang=en-us
    • Take Back : No
    • Recycled Metal Content At Cr Level : 0 %
    • China ROHS Regulation : X
    • Mercury Free : Yes
    • Carbon Footprint : 3461.8252174476
    • Environmental Disclosure : ENVPEP111101EN
    • EU ROHS Directive : Pro-active compliance (Product out of EU RoHS legal scope)
    • Packaging Made With Recycled Cardboard : Yes
    • Packaging Without Single Use Plastic : No
    • Reach Regulation : Reference contains Substances of Very High Concern above the threshold
    • Pep Code : ENVPEP111101EN
    • Pep Verification Date : 2020-07-01
    • PCR Version : PCR-ed3-EN-2015 04 02
    • Type Of Verification For The Pep : Independent internal review
  • Contractual Warranty Attributes
    • Warranty Period : 18 months
    • Warranty : 18 months
  • Specifications
    • Country of Origin : Germany